LONDON - British universities are increasingly excluding courses and research that could provoke China, according to an associate professor at the University College London who says academic freedom is being compromised.

Michelle Shipworth, who teaches energy and social sciences at UCL, says her university and others that depend financially on Chinese students are pressuring professors to remove courses they feel may offend China. Her statements follow the British government's approval of a controversial new Chinese embassy in London that critics say could be used for spying and other security risks.

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